{"id":17237,"date":"2026-02-18T19:34:57","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T18:34:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/?p=17237"},"modified":"2026-02-19T10:25:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T09:25:02","slug":"verbes-ser-estar-espagnol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/fr\/verbes-ser-estar-espagnol\/","title":{"rendered":"Ser et estar en espagnol"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">En espagnol,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rae.es\/dpd\/ser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ser<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0et\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rae.es\/dpd\/estar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>estar<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0ne sont pas deux formes de\u00a0<em>\u00eatre<\/em>: chaque verbe a une fonction diff\u00e9rente et le choix change ce que tu affirmes sur une personne, un lieu ou une situation. Des \u00e9tudes sur des apprenants francophones montrent que cette diff\u00e9rence pose probl\u00e8me m\u00eame aux niveaux avanc\u00e9s, et que beaucoup d\u2019erreurs viennent de la\u00a0<strong>complexit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me espagnol lui\u2011m\u00eame<\/strong> et de notre tendance \u00e0 simplifier (utiliser un verbe \u201cqui sonne bien\u201d partout). C&rsquo;est quelque chose que nous constatons chaque jour dans nos <a href=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/fr\/cours-despagnol-strasbourg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>cours d&rsquo;espagnol \u00e0 Strasbourg<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Ser-y-estar-en-espan\u0303ol.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-17196 size-full\" title=\"Verbos en espa\u00f1ol ser y estar\" src=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Ser-y-estar-en-espan\u0303ol.jpg\" alt=\"Ser y estar en espa\u00f1ol\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Avant de commencer&#8230; la conjugaison<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">Verbe SER \u2013 pr\u00e9sent de l&rsquo;indicatif<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"group relative my-[1em]\"><\/div>\n<table>\n<thead class=\"\">\n<tr>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\">Personne<\/th>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\">Conjugaison<\/th>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\">Exemple<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">yo<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>soy<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Yo soy estudiante &#8211; <em>Je suis \u00e9tudiant\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">t\u00fa<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>eres<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">T\u00fa eres franc\u00e9s &#8211; <em>Tu es fran\u00e7ais<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">\u00e9l \/ ella \/ usted<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>es<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Ella es profesora &#8211; <em>Elle est enseignante<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">nosotros \/ nosotras<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>somos<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Nosotros somos amigos &#8211; <em>Nous sommes amis<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">vosotros \/ vosotras<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>sois<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Vosotros sois simp\u00e1ticos &#8211; <em>Vous \u00eates sympas<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">ellos \/ ellas \/ ustedes<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>son<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Ellos son m\u00e9dicos &#8211; <em>Ils sont des m\u00e9decins<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">Verbe ESTAR \u2013 pr\u00e9sent de l&rsquo;indicatif<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead class=\"\">\n<tr>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\">Personne<\/th>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\">Conjugaison<\/th>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\">Exemple<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">yo<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>estoy<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Yo estoy en casa &#8211; <em>Je suis \u00e0 la maison<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">t\u00fa<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>est\u00e1s<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">T\u00fa est\u00e1s cansado &#8211; <em>Tu es fatigu\u00e9\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">\u00e9l \/ ella \/ usted<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>est\u00e1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">\u00c9l est\u00e1 enfermo &#8211; <em>Il est malade<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">nosotros \/ nosotras<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>estamos<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Nosotros estamos en la oficina &#8211; <em>Nous sommes au bureau<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">vosotros \/ vosotras<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>est\u00e1is<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Vosotros est\u00e1is contentos &#8211; <em>Vous \u00eates contents<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">ellos \/ ellas \/ ustedes<\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>est\u00e1n<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">Ellas est\u00e1n en clase &#8211; <em>Elles sont en classe<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"group relative my-[1em]\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"1-la-idea-general-para-todos-los-niveles\" class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-lg first:mt-0 md:text-lg [hr+&amp;]:mt-4\">\ud83d\udc40 L\u2019id\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">La grammaire de la RAE explique que, avec <strong>ser<\/strong>, on attribue plut\u00f4t des <strong>propri\u00e9t\u00e9s qui caract\u00e9risent le sujet<\/strong>, ind\u00e9pendamment d\u2019une situation concr\u00e8te, alors qu\u2019avec <strong>estar<\/strong> on parle de sons \u00e9tats dans un <strong>moment donn\u00e9<\/strong>, souvent vus comme temporaires ou r\u00e9sultant de quelque chose.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Es alto \/ es diestro \/ es mudo<\/em> ( Il est grand \/ il est droitier \/ il est muet ) \u2192 caract\u00e9ristique qui d\u00e9finit quelque chose ou quelqu&rsquo;un.<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"22.2.1 atributos con ser y estar | Nueva gram\u00e1tica b\u00e1sica ...\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Est\u00e1 triste \/ est\u00e1 solo<\/em> ( Il est triste \/ il est seul ) \u2192 \u00e9tat \u00e0 un moment donn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">\u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, on organise l\u2019apprentissage en deux\u00a0<strong>routes<\/strong>, selon le niveau.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2-ruta-1-a1a2-lo-imprescindible-que-siempre-funcio\" class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-lg first:mt-0 md:text-lg [hr+&amp;]:mt-4\">Route 1 (A1\u2013A2) : l\u2019essentiel qui fonctionne toujours<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Objectif : un syst\u00e8me simple, fiable dans la plupart des situations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83e\udeaa SER = identit\u00e9, profession, origine (qu\u2019est\u2011ce que c\u2019est ? qui c\u2019est ?)<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Utilise\u00a0<strong>ser<\/strong>\u00a0pour dire qui tu es ou ce que tu es : identit\u00e9, profession, nationalit\u00e9, type de chose.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Exemples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Soy Ana ( Je m&rsquo;appelle Ana ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Es estudiante ( Elle est \u00e9tudiante ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Somos franceses ( Nous sommes fran\u00e7ais ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Es un restaurante italiano ( C&rsquo;est un restaurant italien ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Si tu r\u00e9ponds \u00e0 \u201cqu\u2019est\u2011ce que c\u2019est ? \/ qui c\u2019est ?\u201d \u2192 pense \u00e0\u00a0<strong>ser<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83d\udccdESTAR = lieu (o\u00f9 c\u2019est ?)<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Utilise\u00a0<strong>estar<\/strong>\u00a0pour situer personnes, objets et lieux physiques.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Exemples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Estoy en clase ( Je suis en cours ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; La mesa est\u00e1 en el centro ( La table est au milieu ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; El jefe no est\u00e1 en su despacho ( Le chef n&rsquo;est pas dans son bureau ).<\/em><span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"22.2.1 atributos con ser y estar | Nueva gram\u00e1tica b\u00e1sica ...\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Si tu r\u00e9ponds \u00e0 \u201co\u00f9 c\u2019est ? \/ o\u00f9 il est ?\u201d \u2192 pense \u00e0\u00a0<strong>estar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83e\udd12 ESTAR = \u00e9tat (comment c\u2019est maintenant ?)<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Utilise\u00a0<strong>estar<\/strong>\u00a0pour les \u00e9tats physiques, \u00e9motionnels ou les conditions du moment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Exemples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Estoy cansado ( Je suis fatigu\u00e9 ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Est\u00e1 contenta ( Elle est contente ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Estamos nerviosos ( Nous sommes nerveux ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; El caf\u00e9 est\u00e1 fr\u00edo ( Le caf\u00e9 est froid ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83d\udcc5 SER = heure et date<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Utilise\u00a0<strong>ser<\/strong>\u00a0pour parler du temps (jour, date, heure).<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Exemples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Hoy es lunes ( Aujourd&rsquo;hui, c&rsquo;est lundi ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Es 18 de febrero ( Nous sommes le 18 f\u00e9vrier ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Son las seis ( Il est six heures ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Ser-y-estar-en-espan\u0303ol-nivel-A1-A2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-17202 size-full\" title=\"Ser estar en espa\u00f1ol\" src=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Ser-y-estar-en-espan\u0303ol-nivel-A1-A2.jpg\" alt=\"Verbos ser y estar en espa\u00f1ol niveles A1 Y A2\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\u26a0\ufe0f Erreurs typiques A1\u2013A2 (corriger en 1 seconde)<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quentes chez les francophones :<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; \u274c <em>La mesa es en el centro<\/em>\u00a0\u2192 \u2705\u00a0<em>La mesa est\u00e1 en el centro.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; \u274c <em>Estoy profesor<\/em>\u00a0\u2192 \u2705\u00a0<em>Soy profesor.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; \u274c <em>Soy enfermo<\/em>\u00a0\u2192 \u2705\u00a0<em>Estoy enfermo.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; \u274c <em>Cuando soy ni\u00f1o\u2026<\/em>\u00a0\u2192 \u2705\u00a0<em>Cuando era ni\u00f1o\u2026<\/em>\u00a0(aqu\u00ed el problema ya es de tiempo, pero muestra la misma confusi\u00f3n).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3-ruta-2-b2c1-matices-que-distinguen-a-un-hablante\" class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-lg first:mt-0 md:text-lg [hr+&amp;]:mt-4\">Route 2 (B2\u2013C1) : les nuances qui te rendent vraiment avanc\u00e9\u00b7e<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Aux niveaux B2\u2013C1, l\u2019enjeu n\u2019est plus seulement de \u201cne pas se tromper de verbe\u201d, mais d\u2019utiliser\u00a0<strong>ser<\/strong>\u00a0et\u00a0<strong>estar<\/strong>\u00a0pour \u00eatre pr\u00e9cis\u00b7e : mieux d\u00e9crire une photo au DELE, sonner pro au travail, \u00e9viter les ambigu\u00eft\u00e9s. Les recherches sur l\u2019interlangue des francophones montrent qu\u2019en B2 les erreurs se concentrent surtout sur quatre zones :\u00a0<strong>\u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>\u00ab lo est\u00e1 \u00bb<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>\u00ab estar de \u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0et\u00a0<strong>adjectifs \u00e0 double sens<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f Lieu physique vs \u00e9v\u00e9nement : \u00ab \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1\u2026? \u00bb \/ \u00ab \u00bfD\u00f3nde es\u2026? \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">La RAE le formule ainsi : estar est le verbe normal pour situer quelque chose dans un lieu (\u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1s?), mais quand on situe dans l\u2019espace ou dans le temps des <strong>actions ou \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/strong>, on emploie ser : La reuni\u00f3n es aqu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Deux questions diff\u00e9rentes :<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong><em>&#8211; \u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1 el restaurante? <\/em><\/strong>O\u00f9 se trouve le restaurant ? (lieu).<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong><em>&#8211; \u00bfD\u00f3nde es la reuni\u00f3n? <\/em><\/strong>O\u00f9 a lieu la r\u00e9union ? (\u00e9v\u00e9nement, ce qui \u201ca lieu\u201d).<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Exemples utiles :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; La oficina est\u00e1 en el centro \/ <\/em>Le bureau est situ\u00e9 dans le centre-ville<em>.<\/em> (b\u00e2timent).<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; La reuni\u00f3n es en la sala 3 \/ <\/em>La r\u00e9union a lieu dans la salle 3<em>.<\/em> (r\u00e9union).<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; La conferencia es en el auditorio \/ <\/em>La conf\u00e9rence a lieu dans l&rsquo;auditorium.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; El examen es el viernes y es en esta clase \/ <\/em>L&rsquo;examen aura lieu vendredi dans cette classe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dans les descriptions de photos, cela te permet de faire la diff\u00e9rence entre :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; L&rsquo;entreprise est situ\u00e9e au centre-ville (si tu parles du b\u00e2timent).<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; L&rsquo;entretien a lieu dans ce bureau (si tu parles de l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement que tu imagines).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83d\ude09 Confirmer sans r\u00e9p\u00e9ter : \u00ab S\u00ed, lo est\u00e1 \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\" style=\"text-align: justify\">D\u2019apr\u00e8s les \u00e9tudes, beaucoup d\u2019apprenants comprennent cette structure mais l\u2019utilisent peu spontan\u00e9ment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Sch\u00e9ma :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; Question : \u00bfEst\u00e1 + adjetivo?<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211; R\u00e9ponse naturelle: <em>S\u00ed, lo est\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>Exemples:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>\u2014\u00bfEst\u00e1 listo el informe? \u2014S\u00ed, lo est\u00e1 \/ <\/em>Le rapport est-il pr\u00eat ? \u2014Oui, il est pr\u00eat<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>\u2014\u00bfEst\u00e1 abierto el restaurante? \u2014S\u00ed, lo est\u00e1 \/ <\/em>Le restaurant est-il ouvert ? \u2014Oui, il est ouvert<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>\u2014\u00bfEst\u00e1 disponible la sala? \u2014No, no lo est\u00e1 \/ <\/em>La salle est-elle disponible ? \u2014Non, elle ne l&rsquo;est pas<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">C\u2019est tr\u00e8s pratique en contexte pro : tu \u00e9vites de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter l\u2019adjectif et tu sonnes plus fluide.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbc Profession stable vs r\u00f4le temporaire : \u00ab ser \u00bb vs \u00ab estar de \u00bb<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">On a tendance \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser \u201cprofession = ser\u201d et on bloque face \u00e0\u00a0<strong>estar<\/strong>\u00a0pour des fonctions temporaires.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Identit\u00e9 professionnelle (ser) :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Es m\u00e9dico.<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0<em>Soy ingeniera &#8211; I<\/em>l est m\u00e9decin. \/ Je suis ing\u00e9nieure<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; R\u00f4le temporaire (estar de) :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Est\u00e1 de camarero este verano &#8211; <\/em>Il est serveur cet \u00e9t\u00e9<br \/>\n<em>Hoy estoy de guardia &#8211; <\/em>Je suis de garde aujourd&rsquo;hui<em><br \/>\n<\/em><em>Est\u00e1 de recepcionista mientras la compa\u00f1era est\u00e1 de vacaciones &#8211; <\/em>Elle remplace sa coll\u00e8gue pendant ses vacances<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Pour une photo de l\u2019examen DELE, c\u2019est tr\u00e8s utile :<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Creo que est\u00e1 de camarero en un bar de verano<\/em>, sans affirmer\u00a0<em>Es camarero<\/em>\u00a0si tu ne le sais pas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83d\udd00 Adjectifs \u00e0 double sens : le r\u00f4le du lexique<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Certains adjectifs changent de sens selon qu\u2019ils vont avec\u00a0<strong>ser<\/strong>\u00a0ou\u00a0<strong>estar<\/strong>. Ici, ce n\u2019est plus une r\u00e8gle unique, mais de vrais couples de vocabulaire.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Paires indispensables :<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>1. Listo<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Es listo<\/em> = il est intelligent.<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"Los que son listos \u00bfsiempre est\u00e1n listos? - Castellano Actual\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Est\u00e1 listo<\/em> = il est pr\u00eat.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>2. Verde<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Es verde<\/em> = la couleur.<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"Ser y Estar - Teor\u00edas\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Est\u00e1 verde<\/em> = pas m\u00fbr \/ pas pr\u00eat \/ peu exp\u00e9riment\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>3. Cerrado<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Estamos cerrados<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0<em>La tienda est\u00e1 cerrada<\/em> = magasin ferm\u00e9 (\u00e9tat momentan\u00e9).<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"Ser or Estar for if a business is closed?\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><em>&#8211; Es cerrado<\/em> (d&rsquo;esprit, de caract\u00e8re) = il est ferm\u00e9, peu ouvert<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"Ser or Estar for if a business is closed?\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">La grammaire avanc\u00e9e explique qu\u2019avec\u00a0<strong>ser<\/strong>\u00a0on donne une propri\u00e9t\u00e9 vue comme \u201cnormale\u201d ou inh\u00e9rente au sujet, tandis qu\u2019avec\u00a0<strong>estar<\/strong>\u00a0on d\u00e9crit un \u00e9tat qui s\u2019\u00e9carte de cette normalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Astuce :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Si tu parles de la situation \u00ab en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00bb, vous utiliserez probablement <strong>ser<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Si tu parles de la situation \u00ab aujourd&rsquo;hui\/maintenant \u00bb, vous utiliserez probablement <strong>estar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Plus d&rsquo;exemples<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead class=\"\">\n<tr>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\">Adjectif<\/th>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\"><strong>SER<\/strong> (permanent)<\/th>\n<th class=\"border-subtler p-sm break-normal border-b text-left align-bottom border-r last:border-r-0 font-bold bg-subtler last:border-radius-tr-lg first:border-radius-tl-lg\"><strong>ESTAR<\/strong> (temporaire)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>listo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">intelligent: <em>Il est tr\u00e8s listo.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">pr\u00eat: <em>Le caf\u00e9 est listo.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>bueno<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">de qualit\u00e9: <em>C&rsquo;est un bon professionnel.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">savoureux: <em>La soupe est buena.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>rico<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">riche: <em>C&rsquo;est une famille rica.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">savoureux: <em>Ce vin est rico.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>abierto<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">sinc\u00e8re: <em>Il est tr\u00e8s abierto.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">ouvert: <em>Le magasin est abierto.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>joven<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">jeune: <em>Il est tr\u00e8s joven.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">en forme: <em>\u00c0 70 ans il est joven.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>despierto<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">vif: <em>Mon fils est tr\u00e8s despierto.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">\u00e9veill\u00e9: <em>Tu es despierto si tard?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>fresco<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">effront\u00e9: <em>Ne sois pas fresco.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">frais: <em>L&rsquo;eau est fresca.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \"><strong>rojo<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">rouge: <em>La tomate est roja.<\/em><\/td>\n<td class=\"px-sm border-subtler min-w-[48px] break-normal border-b border-r last:border-r-0 \">rouge (honte): <em>Il est rojo comme tomate.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">\ud83d\udd25 Participe : \u00e9tat (estar) vs action passive (ser)<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Enfin, il faut distinguer\u00a0<strong>estar + participe<\/strong>\u00a0(r\u00e9sultat, \u00e9tat) et\u00a0<strong>ser + participe<\/strong>\u00a0(voix passive).<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Estar + participe = r\u00e9sultat \/ \u00e9tat actuel :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>La puerta est\u00e1 cerrada &#8211; <\/em>La porte est ferm\u00e9e \u00a0(tu vois la porte ferm\u00e9e).<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"ESTAR + PARTICIPIO - Lenguas Modernas\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><br \/>\n<em>El documento est\u00e1 firmado &#8211; <\/em>Le document est sign\u00e9<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Ser + participe\u00a0= passive (action, agent) :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>La puerta fue cerrada por el guardia <\/em>( La porte a \u00e9t\u00e9 ferm\u00e9e par le gardien ).<br \/>\n<em>El contrato ser\u00e1 firmado por el director ( Le contrat sera sign\u00e9 par le directeur ).<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">Dans une description de photo (DELE), tu utilises presque toujours l\u2019<strong>\u00e9tat<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0<em>las tiendas est\u00e1n cerradas \/ est\u00e1n llenas<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Ser-estar-niveles-avanzados.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-17206 size-full\" title=\"Ser y estar nivel avanzado\" src=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Ser-estar-niveles-avanzados.jpg\" alt=\"Ser y estar nivel avanzado\" width=\"1200\" height=\"628\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4-frases-modelo-para-tus-dos-objetivos\" class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-lg first:mt-0 md:text-lg [hr+&amp;]:mt-4\">Expressions pr\u00eates<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">Pour le DELE (d\u00e9crire \/ interpr\u00e9ter une image, donner ton opinion)<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">En B1\u2013B2, describir una imagen y comentar la situaci\u00f3n es una tarea central.<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Pr\u00e9senter :<\/strong> <em>En la imagen hay\u2026<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0<em>Veo a\u2026<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0<em>Parece que est\u00e1n en\u2026 <\/em>(\u00a0 Sur l&rsquo;image, il y a&#8230; \/ Je vois&#8230; \/ On dirait qu&rsquo;ils sont \u00e0&#8230; )<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Situer :<\/strong> <em>En primer plano\u2026<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0<em>Al fondo est\u00e1n\u2026<\/em>\u00a0\/\u00a0<em>A la derecha hay\u2026 <\/em>( Au premier plan\u2026 \/ \u00c0 l&rsquo;arri\u00e8re-plan\u2026 \/ \u00c0 droite\u2026 )<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"\u00bfC\u00f3mo describir im\u00e1genes en espa\u00f1ol? Nivel B2\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; \u00c9v\u00e9nement :<\/strong> <em>Creo que la reuni\u00f3n es en la oficina de la empresa <\/em>( Je pense que la r\u00e9union a lieu dans les bureaux de l&rsquo;entreprise )<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"d\u00f3nde es est\u00e1 | ser o estar - Espa\u00f1ol Avanzado\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; \u00c9tat \/ \u00e9motion :<\/strong> <em>Ella est\u00e1 nerviosa \/ est\u00e1 concentrada <\/em>( Elle est nerveuse \/ elle est concentr\u00e9e )<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Interpr\u00e9ter :<\/strong> <em>Probablemente est\u00e1n preparando una presentaci\u00f3n, porque\u2026 <\/em>( Ils sont probablement en train de pr\u00e9parer une pr\u00e9sentation, parce que&#8230; )<span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"Describir im\u00e1genes y expresar la opini\u00f3n. Preparaci\u00f3n DELE B2\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\">&#8211;<strong> Donner ton opinion :<\/strong> <em>En mi opini\u00f3n, es una situaci\u00f3n bastante estresante <\/em>( \u00c0 mon avis, c&rsquo;est une situation assez stressante )<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-base first:mt-0\">Pour le monde pro (r\u00e9unions, mails, service client)<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Agenda \/ \u00e9v\u00e9nements :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>La reuni\u00f3n es el lunes y es en la sala 4 \/ La r\u00e9union a lieu lundi dans la salle 4.<\/em><span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"d\u00f3nde es est\u00e1 | ser o estar - Espa\u00f1ol Avanzado\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><br \/>\n<em>La entrevista es a las 10 \/ L&rsquo;entretien est \u00e0 10 heures.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; \u00c9tat de documents \/ syst\u00e8mes :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>El informe est\u00e1 listo \/ Le rapport est pr\u00eat.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>El sistema est\u00e1 ca\u00eddo \/ Le syst\u00e8me est en panne.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>El pedido est\u00e1 enviado \/ La commande a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9e.<\/em><span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"ESTAR + PARTICIPIO - Lenguas Modernas\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; Service client :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>La tienda est\u00e1 abierta de 9 a 18 \/ Le magasin est ouvert de 9 h \u00e0 18 h.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Ahora estamos cerrados, abrimos de nuevo a las 14 \/ Nous sommes actuellement ferm\u00e9s, nous rouvrons \u00e0 14 h.<\/em><span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"Ser or Estar for if a business is closed?\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><br \/>\n<em>\u2014\u00bfEst\u00e1 disponible el producto? \u2014Ahora no lo est\u00e1, pero llegar\u00e1 ma\u00f1ana \/ \u2014 Le produit est-il disponible ? \u2014 Il n&rsquo;est pas disponible pour le moment, mais il arrivera demain.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><strong>&#8211; R\u00f4les temporaires :<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Hoy estoy de guardia en recepci\u00f3n \/ Aujourd&rsquo;hui, je suis de garde \u00e0 la r\u00e9ception.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Est\u00e1 de sustituto esta semana \/ Il est rempla\u00e7ant cette semaine.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5-cmo-estudiar-esto-sin-bloquearte\" class=\"mb-2 mt-4 [.has-inline-images_&amp;]:clear-end font-editorial font-bold text-lg first:mt-0 md:text-lg [hr+&amp;]:mt-4\">Comment \u00e9tudier cela sans bloquer<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;apr\u00e8s les recherches men\u00e9es aupr\u00e8s de francophones, voici une strat\u00e9gie qui fonctionne bien :<\/p>\n<p>1. Ne pas apprendre 20 r\u00e8gles, mais 2 ou 3 <strong>id\u00e9es forte<\/strong>s par niveau.<\/p>\n<p>2. Au niveau avanc\u00e9, travailler par <strong>zones de conflit,<\/strong> et non par listes interminables :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Lieu vs \u00e9v\u00e9nement (est \u00e0 \/ est dans).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Lo est\u00e1 et estar de.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 6 \u00e0 8 paires adjectif + ser\/estar d&rsquo;usage r\u00e9el (pr\u00eat, vert, ferm\u00e9, bon, s\u00fbr&#8230;).<\/p>\n<p>3. R\u00e9utiliser des <strong>phrases types<\/strong> \u00e0 voix haute (A1-B1), puis les combiner dans des contextes r\u00e9els (B2-C1 : mini-histoires, simulations de bureau, t\u00e2ches de type <a href=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/fr\/diplome-espagnol-dele\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>DELE<\/strong><\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-02-18-a-las-17.03.29.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-17216 size-full\" title=\"Ser estar\" src=\"https:\/\/strasbourg.eleusal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/29\/2026\/02\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-02-18-a-las-17.03.29.png\" alt=\"Ser estar infografia\" width=\"542\" height=\"523\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"my-2 [&amp;+p]:mt-4 [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:inline-block [&amp;_strong:has(+br)]:pb-2\"><span class=\"inline-flex\" aria-label=\"MODELO PRUEBA ORAL EXAMEN DELE B2\" data-state=\"closed\">\u200b<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En espagnol,\u00a0ser\u00a0et\u00a0estar\u00a0ne sont pas deux formes de\u00a0\u00eatre: chaque verbe a une fonction diff\u00e9rente et le choix change ce que tu affirmes sur une personne, un lieu ou une situation. Des \u00e9tudes sur des apprenants francophones montrent que cette diff\u00e9rence pose probl\u00e8me m\u00eame aux niveaux avanc\u00e9s,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":17241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[564,861],"tags":[866,882,881],"class_list":["post-17237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cours-espagnol","category-grammaire-espagnole","tag-estar","tag-ser-fr","tag-ser-et-estar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Ser et estar en espagnol - ELE USAL Strasbourg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comprends enfin les verbes ser et estar en espagnol. 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